Der Economist hat in einer seiner jüngeren Ausgaben in 2016 die wachsende Relevanz der dezentralen Vertrauenstechnologie der Blockchain in einem Titel gewürdigt. Damit wird auch die zunehmende Bedeutung für Mainstream-Technologien und Anwendungen dieser innovativen Technologie im Business-Sektor unterstrichen, welche sich bereits schon seit Jahren, der Veröffentlichung des Bitcoin-Manifestes von Satoshi Nakamoto, abzeichnet. Das World Economic Forum (WEF) hat die Technologie als einen von sechs Megatrends identifiziert. 2023 soll demnach der Durchbruch als massentaugliche Technologie erreicht sein. Etwas Wasser in den Wein gießt Alec Liu von Ripple gerade zu Beginn des Jahres 2016, in dem die meisten den Durchbruch der Blockchain herbeischreiben. Aber zunächst sollte die Frage geklärt werden, wie eine Blockchain in einem Geschäftsmodell eingesetzt werden kann?
Funktionsweise, technische Grundlagen, die Nähe zur Internet-Währung Bitcoin und sonstige Details sind bereits Gegenstand vieler Beiträge im Netz und sollen deshalb an dieser Stelle nicht weiter thematisiert werden.
Trotzdem sei auf die interaktive Demo des MIT verwiesen, welche die Funktionsweise der Blockchain sehr anschaulich erklärt.
Auch führen die häufig synonym genutzten Begriffe „Bitcoin“ und „Blockchain“ in die Irre, denn Bitcoin ist lediglich eine Ausprägung der Blockchain-Technologie. Verwirrenderweise ist die Bitcoin-Technologie auch noch im schweren Fahrwasser, weil sie sich den Kapazitätsgrenzen nähert und die Open Source-Community derzeit nicht in der Lage ist, eine sinnvolle Weiterentwicklung voranzutreiben. Zudem belastet die Tätigkeit von Minern in China (hinter der großen Firewall) die Performanz. Der renommierte Bitcoin-Entwickler Mike Hearn hat hierzu einen engagierten Beitrag verfasst.
Wer sich für die Marktkapitalisierung der mittlerweile über 1.600 virtuellen Währungen interessiert, findet hier Einblick.
Beleuchtet werden soll dagegen die Eignung der Blockchain für die Einrichtung von intelligenten, automatisierter Vertragsbeziehungen: Smart Contracts.Smart Contracts sind die technische Ausprägung von juristischen Verträgen, welche zunächst einmal deren Inhalte maschinenlesbar machen, Bedingungen und Zustände von Vertragsinhalten bei dritten Quellen abfragbar machen, diese verifizieren und Handlungen daraus selbständig ableiten. Ein geläufiges Beispiel für einen derart elektrifizierten Vertrag ist die automatisierte Abwicklung eines Kredit- oder Leasingvertrages für ein Automobil: dabei ist der Smart Contract physikalisch im Auto gespeichert und prüft selbständig im Monat, ob die vereinbarte Rate des Fahrers eingegangen ist oder. Fehlt die Zahlung, stösst der Vertrag selbständig den notwendigen Mahnlauf an und gibt ggfs. später den Befehl an die Wegfahrsperre die Nutzung des Fahrzeuges physikalisch zu unterbinden. Bemerkenswert dabei ist, dass für diese Prozessschritte keine Steuerung von außen erforderlich ist, sondern das Auto erweitert seine Entität in den Cyberspace hinein und eliminiert bisherige Kontroll- und Steuerinstanzen (auch manuelle). Die Integrität, die Historisierung und die Validierung aller Transaktionen wird dabei in der Blockchain gespeichert und gesteuert.Der kombinierte Einsatz der dezentralen Trust-Center-Einheit Blockchain und deren Vernetzung mit digitalen Aktoren und Schnittstellen zu Drittsystemen ermöglicht es also, der Entität des Vertrages nahezu alle Überwachungs- und Handlungsmöglichkeiten zuzuweisen und die nachgelagerten Prozessschritte und Wertschöpfungsstufen zu digitalisieren wie automatisieren. Diese fallen potenziell weg bzw. werden für neue, wertbringende Services genutzt.Das kurze Video des amerikanischen Start-ups Factom.org zeigt die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der (Bitcoin-)Blockchain in vertrauensbasierten, geschäftsorientierten Use Cases.
Wegen dem Entfall von kostspieligen und eigenbrötlerischen Intermediären ist natürlich auch die Finanzindustrie fasziniert von den neuen Möglichkeiten eine sichere, effiziente und ubiquitäre sowie globale Zahlungsarchitektur durch eine angepasste Blockchain zu errichten.
Models of Blockchain Organization esp. for financial transactions (c) Financial Times
JPMorgan, Barclays und UBS haben ihre Interessen in dieser Hinsicht in dem Start-Up R3 CEV gebündelt. Dort wird die in der Graphik als Model 3 bezeichnete Organisationform versucht zu realisieren, also die Nutzung einer Blockchain nur mit bekannten und eingeladenen Teilnehmern und nicht die chaotisch, frei verfügbare Urversion wie Bitcoin (Model 2).
Für die praktische Umsetzung der Blockchain und Smart Contracts in alten und neuen Geschäftsumfeldern ist neben der präzisen Prozessaufnahme eine umfassende Schnittstellenanalyse und insbesondere ein radikal neuer Denkansatz nötig, welcher auf die Eliminierung von manuellen Schnittstellen, Treibern und Anstößen abhebt. Smart Contracts müssen sich potenziell selbst verwalten und administrieren können. Die Beratungsleistung dazu muss darauf abgestimmt sein und technische Möglichkeiten mit den geschäftsorientierten Weitblick kombinieren.
Dazu haben sich schon eine Reihe von Start-ups herauskristallisiert. In diesem Kontext der aktuell fokussierteste Kandidat ist Ethereum (von der Crowd im August 2014 finanziert), welches eine dezentralisierte Plattform für Smart Contracts und soziale Netzwerke bereitstellt. UBS und Microsoft – welche vergleichbare Open-Source-Ansätze in diesem Bereich verfolgen – arbeiten mit Ethereum zusammen.
Das Institute of International Finance hat sich mit dem Einsatz der Blockchain in der Finanzindustrie umfänglich im Rahmen einer Studie auseinandergesetzt.
Bemerkenswert ist auch der Bericht über die Blockchain-Technologie und verteilte Transaktionsbücher des wissenschaftlichen Chefberaters der britischen Regierung, Mark Walport, von Anfang 2016. Darin postulierte er u.a.
„Distributed ledger technologies have the potential to help governments to collect taxes, deliver benefits, issue passports, record land registries, assure the supply chain of goods and generally ensure the integrity of government records and services.“
Weiterhin empfiehlt er konkrete Einsatzszenarien, mit der sich die britische Regierung einen Wettbewerbsvorteil erarbeiten soll:
1. Einsatz der Blockchain-Technologie
Die Regierung soll in die Rolle des Kunden schlüpfen und durch eigene Anwendungen Erfahrungen und Wissen akkumulieren.
2. Investitionen in Forschung
Dazu korrespondierend sollen Forschungsgelder für Blockchain allokiert werden und Drittmittel, insbesondere für das neugegründete Alan Turing-Institut eingeworben wäre, um den praktischen Einsatz entsprechend zu unterfüttern.
3. Schaffung eines Regulierungsrahmens
Damit der Einsatz möglichst leicht gelingt und synergetische Strukturen geschaffen werden, soll ein sich erweiternder Regulierungsrahmen definiert werden.
4. Etablierung von Standards um Sicherheit und Integrität zu gewährleisten
Konsequenterweise soll der Regulierungsrahmen in Standards (auch Code) münden, welche bei internationaler Akzeptanz wiederum Vorteile für die britische Wirtschaft gebähren.
5. Aufbau von Vertrauensstellungen und Interoperabilität
Richtigerweise und abschließend fordert einer den Aufbau von Vertrauensstellungen von Parteien und die Förderung von Interoperabiltität.
Build Your own Blockchain
Nachdem im Jahr 2015 zahlreiche Start-ups gegründet wurden, welche die Blockchain in Geschäftsmodelle einfügen wollen wird für 2016 eine Phase der Konsolidierung und Umsetzung vorausgesagt. Siehe hierzu auch den Beitrag Blockchain Predictions 2016.
Wer selbst schon loslegen möchte, der kann sich zahlreicher Open Source Frameworks bedienen und seine eigene Blockchain inkl. Anwendung zusammenbauen. Es ist gar nicht so schwer, aber eine gewisse Affinität zum Code sollte man schon haben. Anbei eine kurze Liste (ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit) von interessanten Projekten:
Wie bei nahezu jeder Technologie oder Methodik in der Informatik unterliegt auch der Einsatz von Blockchain-Technologie der Gefahr der Übertreibung bei der Beschreibung und Bemessung von qualitativen und quantitativen Vorteilen. Eine Phase der Ernüchterung wenn nicht sogar der Enttäuschung wird auch hier wohl unvermeidlich sein und das ein oder andere Start-up als Reinfall zurücklassen. Es stellt sich ja auch tatsächlich die Frage, warum man jetzt – auf Basis zahlreicher Versprechungen und geschilderter Vorteile – auf eine Technologie setzen soll, welche im Kern schon mit der Einführung der SQL-Datenbanken in den 70er des letzten Jahrhunderts erfolgreich adressiert wurde und heute EDV-Allgemeingut ist? Zudem ist der Einsatz der Blockchain deutlich kostenintensiver durch die Notwendigkeit der vielfachen, identischen Kopien der Transaktionshistorie bei den teilnehmenden Parteien. Dies hat hat gegenüber der Nutzung einer Master-Datenbank definitiv Nachteile.
Mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit wird die Antwort – wie so häufig – in einem vernünftigen „Sowohl-als-auch“ liegen. Soweit Vertrauen in die datenführende Institution besteht und deren daraus resultierende Vermittlerrolle Akzeptanz genießt, wird uns die SQL-Technologie noch sehr lange begleiten. Für die Anwendungsfälle jedoch, welche ein hohes Maß an Vertrauen und Transparenz bedürfen und bei denen sich die Beteiligten nicht auf die Vertrauensstellung einer Partei einigen oder verlassen können, ist die Blockchain-Technologie eine sehr sinnvolle Technologie. Die Automatisierungskonzeption Smart Contracts kann Synergien auch für tradierte Datenbank- und Geschäftsmodelle liefern, denn technisch ist dies kein Hexenwerk. Andrew Hinkes hat sich mit diesem „Wasser-in-den-Wein-Gießen“ dankenswerterweise außereinandergesetzt.
Weiterhin ist bei einer enteuphorisierten Betrachtungsweise ein Blick auf die harten Leistungsdaten zu werfen. Um tradierte Anwendungen mit Millionen von Nutzern und hohen Transaktionenszahlen abzubilden, scheint die Blockchain-Technologie bzw. das Konzept noch Schwierigkeiten zu haben. So schafft die etablierte Bitcoin-Blockchain derzeit nur drei Transaktionen pro Sekunde, das vielversprechende Startup Ethereum 10 bis 20 Transaktionen pro Sekunde. Gelingen hier keine entscheidenen Fortschritte durch Skalierung, Optimierung oder sonstigen Maßnahmen, bleibt die Blockchain auf überschaubare Anwendungsfälle begrenzt, bei denen Vertrauen und Manipulationssicherheit im Vordergrund stehen.
Everledger nutzt die Blockchain-Technology und die Compliance des Diamantenhandels mit dem Kimberley Process zu garantieren und sichere Herkunftsnachweise zu erstellen. Jeder, der interessiert ist, kann das Transaktionsbuch (distributed ledger) haben und selbst die Transaktionshistorie des Diamanten überprüfen. Nach sechsmonatiger Verfügung wurden bereits fast 850.000 Diamanten der Datenbank hinzugefügt.
Hedgy bietet ebenfalls Smart Contracts an, verlässt sich dabei aber ausschließlich auf das Web-Frontemd. Interessant ist, dass Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff zu den Investoren zählt. Vielleicht ergibt sich dadurch die bereits von mir geforderte Ergänzung von Salesforce um Blockchain-Technologie (Beitrag „Blockchain: Salesforce me!).
Für die Lizenzierung und Verteilung von Musikrechten und Musikstücken kann die Smart-Contract-Technologie sehr effiziente Wege ermöglichen und den teueren Zwischen- und Rechtehandel (GEMA, Verlage, Musiker etc.) stark vereinfachen und für eine schnelle Auszahlung sorgen. Ein eine Vorreiterrolle nimmt die Musikerin Imogen Heap ein, welche ihren Song Tiny Human über die Ethereum-Blockchain verteilt. Sogar einzelne Tonspuren (Bläser, Drums usw.) können so erworben werden. Das Startup Peertracks bereitet sich ebenfalls auf die Vermarktung von Musik über die Blockchain vor.
Rise & Fall: Dezentralisierte Autonome Organisation – DAO
Auf Initiative von slock.it wurde die Risikokapitalfirma DAO ins Leben gerufen. Ihr Ansatz ist, auf der Vertrauenstechnologie Blockchain basierend, den bislang üblichen Prozess der Fremdkapitalgenerierung für investitionsbereite Firmen umzukehren und diese nicht auf die üblichen Investoren zu verpflichten, sondern das Kapital wird mit der „digitalen Währung“ Ethereum im Rahmen eines Crowd-Sourcing-Prozesses eingeworben und mit der Smart Contract-Fähigkeit von dieser gleichzeitig verwaltet und abgewickelt. Die Investitionsentscheidung ist dabei nicht abhängig von von singulären Entscheidungsträgern (CEO, Geschäftsführern, einzelnen Investoren), sondern wird über die Crowd durch ein Abstimmungsverfahren entschieden.
Zumindest ist dieser Ansatz eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zu den sonst bestehenden Fremdkapitalressourcen und besonders kleine Firmen können hier mit smarten Ideen das notwendige Kapital finden und bekommen durch die Zielfestlegung der Entwicklungsstufen im Rahmen des Codes des Smart Contracts auch transparente Ziele für die Teilauszahlungen aufgezeigt.
Nun hat aber ein Hack die Plattform DAO in Misskredit gebracht. Der Angreifer schaffte es den Code so auszunutzen, obwohl dieser zahlreichen Audits unterlag, über 3 Mio. Ethers (rund 53 USD) in eine Abspaltung, eine so genannte Soft Fork, zu transferieren, von wo er sie potenziell auch „abheben“ könnte. Die schiere Existenz dieser Manipulationsmöglichkeit reicht bereits, das Vertrauen in die hoffnungsvolle Smart-Contract-Maschine Ethereum zu erschüttern. Wichtiger dürfte aber nun die Reaktion der Community und der Investoren sein: soll manuell in den Code des Smart Contracts eingreifen werden, um die Transaktionen rückgängig zu machen und soll dieser Schaden hingenommen werden zugunsten der Integrität des Codes („Code is law“)? Kurz vor Ablauf der Sperrfrist der veruntreuen Gelder hat sich Ethereum dazu entschlossen, eine so genannte „Hard fork“ zu veranlassen. Damit werden die fraglichen Gelder zusammengefasst und an eine neue Liste übertragen, auf der sie eingefroren sind. Durch die dezentrale Struktur von Ethereum ist die Zustimmung der Community wesentlich. Diese scheint erfolgreich verlaufen zu sein. Danach wurden mehr Blöcke für die neue Fork erzeugt, als für die alte. Die alte wird jedoch von einigen Dissidenten weiterbetrieben.
Dieses Beispiel zeigt, das Blockchains und Smart Contracts keine Selbstläufer sind und bei deren Erstellung Sorgfalt und Transparenz erforderlich ist. Der Vorgang könnte aber auch Initiator für Bemühungen der Versicherungsbranche sein, sich mit der Integrität und der Absicherungsmöglichkeiten im Missbrauchsfall auseinanderzusetzen und – analog zu bisherigen Absicherungsprodukten – geeignete Versicherungsprodukte für Investoren in digitale Güter und Abwicklungsplattformen bereitzustellen.
Erstmalige Veröffentlichung dieses Beitrags am 1. November 2015
@article{Rixecker:2016ac,
title = {Der Blockchain-Friedhof: Diese Plattformen und Startups haben den Bitcoin-Hype nicht überlebt},
author = {Kim Rixecker},
url = {http://t3n.de/news/friedhof-blockchain-produkte-724543/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-11},
journal = {t3n},
abstract = {Noch ist der Hype um Bitcoin und den Blockchain lange nicht am Ende. Für einige Plattformen und Startups allerdings schon – oftmals aus eigener Schuld.},
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Noch ist der Hype um Bitcoin und den Blockchain lange nicht am Ende. Für einige Plattformen und Startups allerdings schon – oftmals aus eigener Schuld.
@article{Howlett:2016aa,
title = {A Lawyer’s Perspective: Can Smart Contracts Exist Outside the Legal Structure?},
author = {Richard Howlett},
url = {https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/a-lawyer-s-perspective-can-smart-contracts-exist-outside-the-legal-structure-1468263134/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-11},
journal = {Bitcoin Magazine},
abstract = {There can be no debate that technological development has never been as fast, as complex or as creative as it is today. The only problem is, as with all revolutions, when things are moving this fast one has to be very careful when it comes to separating innovation from irritation; as more new tech is made available we have to develop that sixth sense that will allow us to separate what will actually help us from what definitely won’t.},
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There can be no debate that technological development has never been as fast, as complex or as creative as it is today. The only problem is, as with all revolutions, when things are moving this fast one has to be very careful when it comes to separating innovation from irritation; as more new tech is made available we have to develop that sixth sense that will allow us to separate what will actually help us from what definitely won’t.
@article{Ulieru:2016aa,
title = {Blockchain: what it is, how it really can change the world},
author = {Mihaela Ulieru},
url = {https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/the-blockchain?utm_content=buffer6f5e3&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-23},
journal = {World Economic Forum},
abstract = {Blockchain – the technology behind the bitcoin digital currency – is a decentralized public ledger of transactions that no one person or company owns or controls. Instead, every user can access the entire blockchain, and every transfer of funds from one account to another is recorded in a secure and verifiable form by using mathematical techniques borrowed from cryptography. With copies of the blockchain scattered all over the planet, it is considered to be effectively tamper-proof.},
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Blockchain – the technology behind the bitcoin digital currency – is a decentralized public ledger of transactions that no one person or company owns or controls. Instead, every user can access the entire blockchain, and every transfer of funds from one account to another is recorded in a secure and verifiable form by using mathematical techniques borrowed from cryptography. With copies of the blockchain scattered all over the planet, it is considered to be effectively tamper-proof.
@article{Ulieru:2006aa,
title = {Blockchain: what it is, how it really can change the world},
author = {Mihaela Ulieru},
url = {https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/the-blockchain?utm_content=buffer6f5e3&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-23},
journal = {World Economic Forum},
abstract = {Blockchain – the technology behind the bitcoin digital currency – is a decentralized public ledger of transactions that no one person or company owns or controls. Instead, every user can access the entire blockchain, and every transfer of funds from one account to another is recorded in a secure and verifiable form by using mathematical techniques borrowed from cryptography. With copies of the blockchain scattered all over the planet, it is considered to be effectively tamper-proof.},
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Blockchain – the technology behind the bitcoin digital currency – is a decentralized public ledger of transactions that no one person or company owns or controls. Instead, every user can access the entire blockchain, and every transfer of funds from one account to another is recorded in a secure and verifiable form by using mathematical techniques borrowed from cryptography. With copies of the blockchain scattered all over the planet, it is considered to be effectively tamper-proof.
@article{Simmet:2016aa,
title = {Digitale Kommunikation: Erfolgsformel „Social-Local-Mobile-Personal“ im Umbruch},
author = {Heike Simmet},
url = {https://hsimmet.com/2016/05/28/vertrauen-als-neue-waehrung-im-zeitalter-der-digitalisierung/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-11},
journal = {Simmet},
abstract = {Das aktuelle Beispiel Blockchain zeigt es deutlich: Vertrauen bildet im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung eine neue Währung. Denn nicht manipulierte Daten und Informationen sind in Zukunft ein zentraler Schlüssel für die weitere Nutzung der Potenziale von digitalen Plattformen und Sharing Systemen in unserer Wirtschaft.},
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Das aktuelle Beispiel Blockchain zeigt es deutlich: Vertrauen bildet im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung eine neue Währung. Denn nicht manipulierte Daten und Informationen sind in Zukunft ein zentraler Schlüssel für die weitere Nutzung der Potenziale von digitalen Plattformen und Sharing Systemen in unserer Wirtschaft.
@article{Wainewritht:2016aa,
title = {Enterprise mission for blockchain – sharing master data},
author = {Phil Wainewritht},
url = {http://diginomica.com/2016/06/06/enterprise-mission-for-blockchain-sharing-master-data/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-06},
journal = {diginomica},
abstract = {Blockchain may have a role in the enterprise in enabling the sharing of master data with far less friction than conventional MDM models},
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@article{Rizzo:2016ac,
title = {Dubai's Global Blockchain Council Unveils First Pilot Projects},
author = {Pete Rizzo},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/global-blockchain-council-seven-pilots-dubai-keynote/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CoinDesk+%28CoinDesk+-+The+Voice+of+Digital+Currency%29},
year = {2016},
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Dubai's Global Blockchain Council (GBC), a public-private initiative between local businesses, government agencies and startups, unveiled seven new proofs-of-concept at industry conference Keynote 2016 today.
@article{H.:2016ab,
title = {Telegram with Bitcoin integrated by StartChat Tech now available on apple app store},
author = {Matt H.},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/press-releases/telegram-bitcoin-integrated-startchat-tech-now-available-apple-app-store/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-05-27},
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abstract = {StartChat combines the backend encryption of Telegram with the convenience of 2-click Bitcoin transactions and wallet currencies conversions display such as $USD,EURO,GBP,Ruble,Yen.},
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StartChat combines the backend encryption of Telegram with the convenience of 2-click Bitcoin transactions and wallet currencies conversions display such as $USD,EURO,GBP,Ruble,Yen.
@article{Light:2016aa,
title = {Ethereum – A Blockchain for Banks? A Challenger to Bitcoin?},
author = {Jeremy Light},
url = {http://fsblog.accenture.com/banking/ethereum-a-blockchain-for-banks-a-challenger-to-bitcoin/?cid=fs_dbbfy15twt_10000127_smc_0915},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-05-06},
journal = {Accenture},
abstract = {How Etehereum compares to Bitcoin and how it may be used in the future in banking and elsewhere?},
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@article{Higgins:2016ae,
title = {French Central Bank Urges More Research On Blockchain Impact},
author = {Stan Higgins},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/french-central-bank/?utm_content=buffer581a7&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-19},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {France’s central bank has released a new report on financial stability in an era of digitization that multiple times touches on virtual currencies and blockchain technology.},
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France’s central bank has released a new report on financial stability in an era of digitization that multiple times touches on virtual currencies and blockchain technology.
@article{Greenspan:2016aa,
title = {Why Many Smart Contract Use Cases Are Simply Impossible},
author = {Gideon Greenspan},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/three-smart-contract-misconceptions/?utm_content=buffereaccb&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-17},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {In this opinion piece, Greenspan discusses blockchain-enabled smart contracts and why this application of the technology may be suffering from inflated expectations.},
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In this opinion piece, Greenspan discusses blockchain-enabled smart contracts and why this application of the technology may be suffering from inflated expectations.
@article{DeRose:2016aa,
title = {Who Will Pay for Turing-Complete Smart Contracts?},
author = {Chris DeRose},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/turing-complete-smart-contracts/?utm_content=buffercd705&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-16},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {In this feature, DeRose discusses blockchain-based smart contracts, and why he believes the cost-benefits of this application of the technology are not widely understood.},
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In this feature, DeRose discusses blockchain-based smart contracts, and why he believes the cost-benefits of this application of the technology are not widely understood.
@article{Herian:2016aa,
title = {How Blockchain Could Make Trusts More Transparent},
author = {Robert Herian},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/blockchain-trusts-more-transparent/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CoinDesk+%28CoinDesk+-+The+Voice+of+Digital+Currency%29},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-13},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {In this opinion piece, Herian discusses a recent high-profile British scandal and how blockchain could offer a solution to the ethical quandary it raises.},
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In this opinion piece, Herian discusses a recent high-profile British scandal and how blockchain could offer a solution to the ethical quandary it raises.
@article{Stark:2016aa,
title = {How Close Are Smart Contracts to Impacting Real-World Law?},
author = {Josh Stark},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/blockchain-smarts-contracts-real-world-law/?utm_content=buffer6bbab&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-11},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {In this opinion piece, Stark focuses on "smart contracts" as an alternative form of legal agreement, speculating on how they could come to impact his industry.},
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In this opinion piece, Stark focuses on "smart contracts" as an alternative form of legal agreement, speculating on how they could come to impact his industry.
@article{Smith:2016aa,
title = {From fine wine to lotteries: Blockchain tech takes off},
author = {Mark Smith},
url = {http://www.bbc.com/news/business-35890616?utm_content=bufferfefa9&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-29},
journal = {BBC},
abstract = {Imagine a world where you can vote in an election with your phone, where you buy a house in a matter of hours, or where cash simply doesn't exist.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{Higgins:2016ad,
title = {Rootstock Raises $1 Million to Bring Smart Contracts to Bitcoin},
author = {Stan Higgins},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/smart-contract-1-million-bitcoin-rootstock/?utm_content=buffered2fb&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-21},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {Blockchain startup RSK Labs has raised $1m in seed funding to support the development of Rootstock, a smart contracts platform that would be developed as a sidechain on the bitcoin blockchain.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blockchain startup RSK Labs has raised $1m in seed funding to support the development of Rootstock, a smart contracts platform that would be developed as a sidechain on the bitcoin blockchain.
@article{Higgins:2016ab,
title = {Rootstock Raises $1 Million to Bring Smart Contracts to Bitcoin},
author = {Stan Higgins},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/smart-contract-1-million-bitcoin-rootstock/?utm_content=buffered2fb&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-21},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {Blockchain startup RSK Labs has raised $1m in seed funding to support the development of Rootstock, a smart contracts platform that would be developed as a sidechain on the bitcoin blockchain.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blockchain startup RSK Labs has raised $1m in seed funding to support the development of Rootstock, a smart contracts platform that would be developed as a sidechain on the bitcoin blockchain.
@article{Buntix:2016aa,
title = {Slock.it Dapp is Coming to Ethereum Microsoft Azure Cloud Users},
author = {JP Buntix},
url = {http://www.newsbtc.com/2016/03/16/slock-dapp-coming-ethereum-microsoft-azure-cloud-users/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-16},
journal = {NewsBTC},
abstract = {Some people might argue the introduction of Dapp services will cost a lot of jobs, and they may be right up to a certain extent. But at the same time, Slock.it shows how certain tasks can be automated, which will create other jobs related to interpreting this data and fine tuning the process. Our society is changing, and more decentralization is always beneficial.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Some people might argue the introduction of Dapp services will cost a lot of jobs, and they may be right up to a certain extent. But at the same time, Slock.it shows how certain tasks can be automated, which will create other jobs related to interpreting this data and fine tuning the process. Our society is changing, and more decentralization is always beneficial.
@article{Economist:2016ae,
title = {Money talks: Bitcoin lessons},
author = {The Economist},
url = {https://soundcloud.com/theeconomist/money-talks-bitcoin-lessons?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/moneytalksbitcoinlessonsbytheeconomist},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-16},
journal = {The Economist},
abstract = {The digital currency was created to challenge existing financial institutions, but may end up helping bankers},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{Rizzo:2016aa,
title = {Dubai’s Global Blockchain Council Seeks to Spur Startup Growth},
author = {Pete Rizzo},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/dubais-global-blockchain-council-aims-spur-industry-job-growth/?utm_content=buffer613db&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-16},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {Dubai’s Global Blockchain Council (GBC) has revealed it may hold events this year that could seek to assist startups with job placement and investments.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dubai’s Global Blockchain Council (GBC) has revealed it may hold events this year that could seek to assist startups with job placement and investments.
@article{BitFury:2016aa,
title = {Digital Assests on Public Blockchains},
author = {BitFury Group},
url = {http://bitfury.com/content/5-white-papers-research/bitfury-digital_assets_on_public_blockchains-1.pdf?utm_content=bufferfde5c&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-15},
journal = {BitFury Group},
abstract = {Digital asset management is one of promising applications of blockchain technology. Blockchains could provide principal disintermediation between digital asset issuers, application developers and consumers and decouple tasks related to asset management, such as issuance, transaction process- ing, securing users’ funds and establishing users’ identities. This paper outlines basic components of blockchain-based asset ledgers, as well as their use cases for financial services and for emerg- ing Internet of Things and consumer-to-consumer markets. We describe existing and prospective deployment models for asset ledgers, including multi-asset blockchains, colored coin and metacoin protocols. This paper focuses primarily on Bitcoin-based services and, to a lesser degree, on public blockchains in general.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Digital asset management is one of promising applications of blockchain technology. Blockchains could provide principal disintermediation between digital asset issuers, application developers and consumers and decouple tasks related to asset management, such as issuance, transaction process- ing, securing users’ funds and establishing users’ identities. This paper outlines basic components of blockchain-based asset ledgers, as well as their use cases for financial services and for emerg- ing Internet of Things and consumer-to-consumer markets. We describe existing and prospective deployment models for asset ledgers, including multi-asset blockchains, colored coin and metacoin protocols. This paper focuses primarily on Bitcoin-based services and, to a lesser degree, on public blockchains in general.
@article{Johnson:2016ab,
title = {Could blockchain technology make big banks a thing of the past?},
author = {Simon Johnson},
url = {https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/could-blockchain-technology-make-big-banks-a-thing-of-the-past/?utm_content=buffer11499&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-02},
journal = {World Economic Forum},
abstract = {After nearly a decade of crisis, bailout, and reform in the United States and the European Union, the financial system – both in those countries and globally – is remarkably similar to the one we had in 2006. Many financial reforms have been attempted since 2010, but the overall effects have been limited. Some big banks have struggled, but others have risen to take their place. Both before the 2008 global financial crisis and today, just over a dozen big banks dominate the world’s financial landscape. And yet the ground is shifting beneath the financial sector, and big banks could soon become a thing of the past.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
After nearly a decade of crisis, bailout, and reform in the United States and the European Union, the financial system – both in those countries and globally – is remarkably similar to the one we had in 2006. Many financial reforms have been attempted since 2010, but the overall effects have been limited. Some big banks have struggled, but others have risen to take their place. Both before the 2008 global financial crisis and today, just over a dozen big banks dominate the world’s financial landscape. And yet the ground is shifting beneath the financial sector, and big banks could soon become a thing of the past.
@article{Higgins:2016af,
title = {Intel is Testing a Blockchain it Built With a Fantasy Sports Game},
author = {Stan Higgins},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/intel-testing-blockchain-built-fantasy-sports-game/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CoinDesk+%28CoinDesk+-+The+Voice+of+Digital+Currency%29},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-26},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {IT giant Intel is running an internal blockchain trial centered on a fantasy sports market. The proof of concept works by enabling the exchange of digitized assets that represent shares of different sports teams. Each contestant is given a set of shares, as well as a quantity of in-game currency called "mikels".},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
IT giant Intel is running an internal blockchain trial centered on a fantasy sports market. The proof of concept works by enabling the exchange of digitized assets that represent shares of different sports teams. Each contestant is given a set of shares, as well as a quantity of in-game currency called "mikels".
@article{Higgins:2016afb,
title = {Intel is Testing a Blockchain it Built With a Fantasy Sports Game},
author = {Stan Higgins},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/intel-testing-blockchain-built-fantasy-sports-game/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CoinDesk+%28CoinDesk+-+The+Voice+of+Digital+Currency%29},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-26},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {IT giant Intel is running an internal blockchain trial centered on a fantasy sports market. The proof of concept works by enabling the exchange of digitized assets that represent shares of different sports teams. Each contestant is given a set of shares, as well as a quantity of in-game currency called "mikels".},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
IT giant Intel is running an internal blockchain trial centered on a fantasy sports market. The proof of concept works by enabling the exchange of digitized assets that represent shares of different sports teams. Each contestant is given a set of shares, as well as a quantity of in-game currency called "mikels".
@article{Kuo:2016aa,
title = {Could blockchain technology revolutionize the music industry?},
author = {Lily Kuo},
url = {https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/could-blockchain-technology-revolutionize-the-music-industry/?utm_content=bufferd76b7&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-23},
journal = {World Economic Forum},
abstract = {British singer and songwriter Imogen Heap is building what she calls a “fair trade” music industry that aims to sidestep middlemen like iTunes and Spotify and give musicians more ownership over the money and data produced by their work. Heap’s latest song, “Tiny Human,” a ballad to her newborn daughter, debuted last year on a site called Ujo Music where users can buy the song, as well as the track’s key, tempo, and stems, using a cryptocurrency called Ether. The money goes directly to the producers, writers, and engineers involved in the song’s production.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
British singer and songwriter Imogen Heap is building what she calls a “fair trade” music industry that aims to sidestep middlemen like iTunes and Spotify and give musicians more ownership over the money and data produced by their work. Heap’s latest song, “Tiny Human,” a ballad to her newborn daughter, debuted last year on a site called Ujo Music where users can buy the song, as well as the track’s key, tempo, and stems, using a cryptocurrency called Ether. The money goes directly to the producers, writers, and engineers involved in the song’s production.
@article{Czarnecki:2016aa,
title = {This Proposal Could Reshape Europe's Cryptocurrency Policies},
author = {Jacek Czarnecki},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/this-overlooked-proposal-could-reshape-europes-cryptocurrency-policies/?utm_content=bufferc48f8&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-20},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {In this article, Czarnecki discusses an overlooked aspect of a recent European Commission proposal concerning the regulation of cryptocurrencies which he says may have far-reaching consequences.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this article, Czarnecki discusses an overlooked aspect of a recent European Commission proposal concerning the regulation of cryptocurrencies which he says may have far-reaching consequences.
@article{Reitwiessner:2016aa,
title = {From Smart Contracts to Courts with not so Smart Judges},
author = {Christian Reitwiessner},
url = {https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/02/17/smart-contracts-courts-not-smart-judges/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-17},
journal = {Ethereum Blog},
abstract = {Ethereum is often described as a platform for self-enforcing smart contracts. While this is certainly true, this article argues that, especially when more complex systems are involved, it is rather a court with smart lawyers and a judge that is not so smart, or more formally, a judge with restricted computational resources. We will see later how this view can be leveraged to write very efficient smart contract systems, to the extent that cross-chain token transfers or computations like checking proof of work can be implemented at almost no cost.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ethereum is often described as a platform for self-enforcing smart contracts. While this is certainly true, this article argues that, especially when more complex systems are involved, it is rather a court with smart lawyers and a judge that is not so smart, or more formally, a judge with restricted computational resources. We will see later how this view can be leveraged to write very efficient smart contract systems, to the extent that cross-chain token transfers or computations like checking proof of work can be implemented at almost no cost.
@article{B:2016aa,
title = {The Problem with "The Problem with Oracles},
author = {Kathleen B},
url = {http://r3cev.com/blog/2016/2/16/the-problem-with-the-problem-with-oracles?utm_content=buffer90615&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-16},
journal = {R3 POV},
abstract = {Many of the innovative proposals for blockchain technology reach their potential by leveraging what is commonly called a “smart contract”, a programmable contract which can be executed and enforced automatically on a distributed ledger. Using a ledger simply as a record of ownership does not capture the full potential of distributed ledgers; in their most useful incarnation, this software can automate transactions with programmable ownership. A ledger can only achieve sophisticated transaction logic and automation through smart contracts, which can create robust conditions for execution specific to certain actors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Many of the innovative proposals for blockchain technology reach their potential by leveraging what is commonly called a “smart contract”, a programmable contract which can be executed and enforced automatically on a distributed ledger. Using a ledger simply as a record of ownership does not capture the full potential of distributed ledgers; in their most useful incarnation, this software can automate transactions with programmable ownership. A ledger can only achieve sophisticated transaction logic and automation through smart contracts, which can create robust conditions for execution specific to certain actors.
@article{Moreau:2016aa,
title = {The Road Ahead For FinTech Acceptance of Blockchain},
author = {James Moreau},
url = {https://www.cryptocoinsnews.com/dh-white-paper-lays-road-ahead-fintech-acceptance-blockchain/?utm_content=buffer01722&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-14},
journal = {Cryptocoinsnews},
abstract = {Financial technology solutions company D+H has provided a whitepaper on what they consider to be the top milestones that blockchain technology must hit before it will be an accepted addition to the world of fintech. At large, international scale conferences, executives and those heavily involved in the financial and banking sector have painted with broad strokes on their opinions about blockchain.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Financial technology solutions company D+H has provided a whitepaper on what they consider to be the top milestones that blockchain technology must hit before it will be an accepted addition to the world of fintech. At large, international scale conferences, executives and those heavily involved in the financial and banking sector have painted with broad strokes on their opinions about blockchain.
@article{Olds:2016aa,
title = {The Bitcoin Block Size Debate Isn't Just About Technology},
author = {Elliot Olds},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-block-size-debate-tech-expertise/?utm_content=buffer0b226&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-07},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {In this opinion piece, Olds suggests that the views of bitcoin's developers are not the only ones that should count when deciding the digital currency's future.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this opinion piece, Olds suggests that the views of bitcoin's developers are not the only ones that should count when deciding the digital currency's future.
@article{Krempl:2016ab,
title = {Transmediale: Die Blockchain soll Marx und das Kapital verbinden},
author = {Stefan Krempl},
url = {http://heise.de/-3096290},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-06},
journal = {heise.de},
abstract = {Das Bitcoin zugrunde liegende Konzept könne helfen, Missbildungen des Kapitalismus auszumerzen, waren sich Experten auf dem Medienfestival Transmediale einig.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Das Bitcoin zugrunde liegende Konzept könne helfen, Missbildungen des Kapitalismus auszumerzen, waren sich Experten auf dem Medienfestival Transmediale einig.
@article{Palmer:2016ag,
title = {New App Seeks to Use Blockchain as Immutable Answering Machine},
author = {Daniel Palmer},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/new-uproov-app-uses-blockchain-immutable-answering-machine/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CoinDesk+%28CoinDesk+-+The+Voice+of+Digital+Currency%29},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-04},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {LedgerAssets, the developer of an app called Uproov that timestamps photos on bitcoin's blockchain, has announced it is to launch an application for phone calls.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
LedgerAssets, the developer of an app called Uproov that timestamps photos on bitcoin's blockchain, has announced it is to launch an application for phone calls.
@article{Palmer:2016ad,
title = {5 Key Findings from CoinDesk's State of Bitcoin and Blockchain 2016},
author = {Daniel Palmer},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/summary-coindesk-state-bitcoin-blockchain-report-2016/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-31},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {CoinDesk's State of Bitcoin and Blockchain 2016 report provides a detailed overview of the industry's main events and movements during 2015, as well as some predictions on what to expect in the coming year.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
CoinDesk's State of Bitcoin and Blockchain 2016 report provides a detailed overview of the industry's main events and movements during 2015, as well as some predictions on what to expect in the coming year.
@article{Rodriguez:2016aa,
title = {Beyond bitcoin: Can the blockchain power industrial IoT?},
author = {Jesus Rodriguez},
url = {http://www.cio.com/article/3027522/internet-of-things/beyond-bitcoin-can-the-blockchain-power-industrial-iot.html},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-29},
journal = {CIO},
abstract = {The blockchain is the technology behind the popular crypto-currency bitcoin. While the bitcoin is certainly the most famous application of the blockchain, it is far from being the only one. The decentralized, trustless and secured capabilities of the blockchain have the potential of redefining many traditional business solutions including those powering the enterprise Internet of Things (IoT).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The blockchain is the technology behind the popular crypto-currency bitcoin. While the bitcoin is certainly the most famous application of the blockchain, it is far from being the only one. The decentralized, trustless and secured capabilities of the blockchain have the potential of redefining many traditional business solutions including those powering the enterprise Internet of Things (IoT).
@article{Higgins:2016ac,
title = {Santander: Blockchain Talk Could Turn Into Action This Year},
author = {Stan Higgins},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/santander-blockchain-talk-action-2016/?utm_content=bufferb4646&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-28},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {During their introduction at this week's Distributed Ledger Challenge in New York, Santander InnoVentures managing partner Mariano Belinky and Banco Santander R&D chief Julio Faura spoke at length about the bank's interest in the blockchain and how it believes the technology can significantly reshape how it does business.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
During their introduction at this week's Distributed Ledger Challenge in New York, Santander InnoVentures managing partner Mariano Belinky and Banco Santander R&D chief Julio Faura spoke at length about the bank's interest in the blockchain and how it believes the technology can significantly reshape how it does business.
Digital security giant Gemalto has partnered with blockchain startup Symbiont to allow financial institutions to more securely execute smart contracts and blockchain-based transactions.
@article{Eyers:2016aa,
title = {Blythe Masters reveals why banks are so keen on blockchain},
author = {James Eyers},
url = {http://www.afr.com/business/banking-and-finance/blythe-masters-reveals-why-banks-are-so-keen-on-blockchain-20160123-gmclrl?utm_content=bufferc867c&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-25},
journal = {Financial Review},
abstract = {With a 27-year investment banking career at JPMorgan, Blythe Masters founded a fintech start-up, Digital Asset Holdings, which is developing new technology for transferring ownership of financial assets.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
With a 27-year investment banking career at JPMorgan, Blythe Masters founded a fintech start-up, Digital Asset Holdings, which is developing new technology for transferring ownership of financial assets.
@article{Harper:2016ab,
title = {Bitcoin and the Politics of Non-Political Money},
author = {Jim Harper},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-politics-non-political-money/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CoinDesk+%28CoinDesk+-+The+Voice+of+Digital+Currency%29},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-25},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {In this article, Harper discusses why bitcoin needs level-headedness from its community members to survive as a non-political digital currency.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{Tapscott:2016aa,
title = {The blockchain: big opportunity or big danger?},
author = {Don Tapscott},
url = {http://www.thestar.com/business/tech_news/2016/01/23/the-blockchain-big-opportunity-or-big-danger.html},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-23},
journal = {The star Tech News},
abstract = {Part of the technology behind Bitcoin, the blockchain is an encrypted digital “ledger” that keeps track of everything about one’s life that can be expressed in code. And the World Economic Forum sees potential for it.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Part of the technology behind Bitcoin, the blockchain is an encrypted digital “ledger” that keeps track of everything about one’s life that can be expressed in code. And the World Economic Forum sees potential for it.
@article{Palmer:2016ah,
title = {Consumers' Research Highlights Benefits of Bitcoin for Policy Makers},
author = {Daniel Palmer},
url = {http://www.coindesk.com/bretton-woods-bitcoin-white-paper-consumers-research/?utm_content=buffer648fc&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-22},
journal = {Coindesk},
abstract = {Consumers' Research, the independent educational group and organiser of a recent blockchain workshop at Bretton Woods, has published a new white paper on blockchain technology. The paper, released today, sets out to identify the opportunities presented by the technology, the challenges present today and potential solutions to those concerns.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Consumers' Research, the independent educational group and organiser of a recent blockchain workshop at Bretton Woods, has published a new white paper on blockchain technology. The paper, released today, sets out to identify the opportunities presented by the technology, the challenges present today and potential solutions to those concerns.
@article{Simonite:2016aa,
title = {Microsoft Bets That Bitcoin-Style Blockchains Will Be Big Business. Giant banks are experimenting with software inspired by Bitcoin, and Microsoft wants a piece of the action},
author = {Tom Simonite},
url = {http://www.technologyreview.com/news/545806/microsoft-bets-that-bitcoin-style-blockchains-will-be-big-business/?utm_campaign=socialsync&utm_medium=social-post&utm_source=twitter},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-22},
journal = {MIT Technology Review},
abstract = {Giant banks are experimenting with software inspired by Bitcoin, and Microsoft wants a piece of the action.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
@article{Weitekamp:2016aa,
title = {An dieses Blockchain-Startup glauben Accenture, JPMorgan und die Deutsche Börse [Startup-News]},
author = {Lea Weitekamp},
url = {http://t3n.de/news/blockchain-startup-673578/},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-22},
journal = {t3n},
abstract = {2014 hat die ehemalige JPMorgan-Bankerin Blythe Masters das Startup Digital Asset Holdings gegründet. Es setzt auf die Technologie der Blockchain, um den Austausch von Vermögenswerten an der Börse verbindlich und für alle transparent über eine zentrale Datenbank abzuwickeln.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2014 hat die ehemalige JPMorgan-Bankerin Blythe Masters das Startup Digital Asset Holdings gegründet. Es setzt auf die Technologie der Blockchain, um den Austausch von Vermögenswerten an der Börse verbindlich und für alle transparent über eine zentrale Datenbank abzuwickeln.
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